Under Whmis Hazardous Chemicals Are Sorted By

Understanding WHMIS 2015: How Hazardous Chemicals are Classified and Sorted

The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) is a crucial Canadian system designed to protect workers from the dangers of hazardous materials. Understanding how chemicals are classified and sorted under WHMIS 2015 is paramount for workplace safety and compliance. This article will delve into the intricacies of WHMIS classification, providing a comprehensive guide for employers, employees, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of hazardous chemical management in Canada.

Introduction to WHMIS 2015

WHMIS 2015 is an updated version of the original WHMIS, aligning Canadian regulations with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). This harmonization ensures consistency in hazard communication across international borders, improving safety and reducing confusion. The core of WHMIS 2015 revolves around the classification of hazardous products based on their inherent properties, and subsequent communication of these hazards through labels, safety data sheets (SDS), and worker education.

The Eight Hazard Classes Under WHMIS 2015

WHMIS 2015 categorizes hazardous products into eight distinct hazard classes, each with specific criteria for classification. Understanding these classes is fundamental to proper handling, storage, and use of hazardous materials. These classes are:

1. Flammable Liquids: These materials can easily ignite and burn. Classification considers flash point (the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air), and other flammability characteristics. Examples include gasoline, ethanol, and acetone.

2. Flammable Gases: Gases that readily ignite and burn. Classification depends on factors like flammability range and ignition temperature. Examples include propane, butane, and methane.

3. Flammable Solids: Solids that can easily ignite and burn, often exhibiting rapid combustion. Classification is based on factors such as ease of ignition and combustion rate. Examples include magnesium powder and finely divided cellulose.

4. Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides: Oxidizing substances readily release oxygen, supporting or enhancing combustion. Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the -O-O- group, which are prone to decomposition and release of heat. Both pose significant fire hazards. Examples include hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide.

5. Toxic and Corrosive Substances: This class encompasses materials that are poisonous or cause damage to living tissues through chemical action. Toxicity refers to the potential for causing harm through ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Corrosivity relates to the ability of a substance to damage or destroy living tissue or other materials. This is further subdivided into categories based on severity. Examples include strong acids (like sulfuric acid), strong bases (like sodium hydroxide), and various poisonous substances.

6. Compressed Gases: Gases stored under pressure. The hazard lies in the potential for explosions, asphyxiation (lack of oxygen), or other physical effects resulting from sudden release of pressure. Examples include compressed oxygen, nitrogen, and argon cylinders.

7. Biohazardous Infectious Materials: Materials containing infectious agents that can cause disease in humans or animals. Classification is based on the severity of the disease and the likelihood of transmission. Examples include bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

8. Dangerously Reactive Substances: Materials that are unstable and prone to hazardous reactions under specific conditions, such as exposure to air, water, or heat. These reactions can produce toxic substances, flammable materials, or explosions. Examples include sodium metal and certain organometallic compounds.

Criteria for Classification

Each hazard class has specific criteria that determine whether a substance falls into that category. These criteria are based on scientific data, including physical and chemical properties, toxicology studies, and reactivity tests. The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) provides comprehensive guidance and resources to aid in the classification process. Manufacturers and importers are responsible for classifying their products according to these criteria.

The Role of Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are crucial documents providing detailed information about the hazards of a chemical product. They are required for all hazardous products sold in Canada and must accompany the product throughout its lifecycle. The SDS provides comprehensive information on:

• Identification: The chemical's name, synonyms, and supplier information.
• Hazards Identification: Detailed descriptions of the health, physical, and environmental hazards.
• Composition/Information on Ingredients: List of hazardous components and their concentrations.
• First-aid Measures: Procedures for handling exposure incidents.
• Fire-fighting Measures: Appropriate extinguishing agents and procedures.
• Accidental Release Measures: Steps to take in case of a spill or leak.
• Handling and Storage: Safe handling and storage practices.
• Exposure Controls/Personal Protection: Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Physical and Chemical Properties: Key physical and chemical characteristics of the substance.
• Stability and Reactivity: Information on chemical stability and potential hazardous reactions.
• Toxicological Information: Health effects data from exposure to the chemical.
• Ecological Information: Environmental impacts of the chemical.
• Disposal Considerations: Proper disposal methods for the chemical.
• Transport Information: Regulations related to the transport of the chemical.
• Regulatory Information: Relevant regulatory information and compliance requirements.
• Other Information: Any additional relevant information.

WHMIS Labels: Communicating the Hazards

WHMIS labels provide concise information about the hazards of a chemical product at a glance. Labels include:

• Product Identifier: The name of the product.
• Supplier Identification: The name and contact information of the supplier.
• Hazard Pictograms: Standardized symbols representing specific hazards. Examples include flame (flammability), skull and crossbones (toxicity), and corrosion (corrosiveness).
• Signal Words: "Danger" or "Warning," indicating the severity of the hazard.
• Hazard Statements: Describe the nature and severity of the hazard.
• Precautionary Statements: Recommend actions to minimize exposure and risks.
• Supplemental Information: Additional information as needed.

Workplace Controls and Training

Beyond classification and labelling, WHMIS emphasizes the importance of workplace controls and training. Employers must implement control measures to minimize exposure to hazardous materials, including engineering controls (ventilation, containment), administrative controls (work practices, procedures), and personal protective equipment (PPE). Comprehensive worker training is crucial, ensuring employees understand the hazards associated with the chemicals they handle and how to work safely.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Who is responsible for classifying hazardous chemicals under WHMIS?

A: The manufacturer or importer of the chemical is responsible for classifying it according to WHMIS 2015 standards.

Q: What happens if a company fails to comply with WHMIS?

A: Non-compliance can lead to significant fines and penalties. The severity of the penalties depends on the nature and extent of the violation.

Q: How often should SDSs be reviewed and updated?

A: SDSs should be reviewed and updated regularly, especially if new information becomes available about the chemical's hazards or safe handling practices.

Q: Are all chemicals regulated under WHMIS?

A: No, only chemicals classified as hazardous under WHMIS 2015 are subject to its regulations.

Q: What resources are available to help understand WHMIS?

A: The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) website provides comprehensive information, training materials, and resources on WHMIS.

Conclusion

WHMIS 2015 is a critical system for protecting workers from the dangers of hazardous chemicals. Understanding the eight hazard classes, the criteria for classification, the importance of SDSs and labels, and the need for workplace controls and training is essential for creating a safe and healthy work environment. Compliance with WHMIS is not just a legal obligation; it is a moral imperative, demonstrating a commitment to protecting the health and well-being of workers. By diligently following WHMIS guidelines and continuously updating knowledge about hazardous materials, employers and employees alike can contribute to a safer and more productive workplace. Staying informed about changes and updates to WHMIS regulations is also crucial for maintaining compliance and ensuring the continued safety of all workers handling hazardous chemicals in Canadian workplaces. The CCOHS remains a valuable resource for staying updated on all aspects of WHMIS and maintaining compliance. Remember that safety should always be the highest priority in any work environment involving hazardous materials.